第 5 章 · 蓝图与项目工程化

from flask import Flask, jsonify, request

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/api/user/login", methods=["POST"])
def login():
    ...
    return jsonify({"code": 200, "msg": "登录成功", "data": {}})

@app.route("/api/user/profile", methods=["GET"])
def profile():
    ...

@app.route("/api/article/list", methods=["GET"])
def article_list():
    ...

@app.route("/api/article/detail/<int:id>", methods=["GET"])
def article_detail(id):
    ...

@app.route("/api/comment/list", methods=["GET"])
def comment_list():
    ...

# …… 还有 13 个接口，全部挤在这一个文件里

from flask import Blueprint, jsonify, request

# ① 创建蓝图：名称、所在模块、URL 前缀
user_bp = Blueprint("user", __name__, url_prefix="/api/user")

# ② 用 user_bp 代替 app 来注册路由，路径只写前缀后面的部分
@user_bp.route("/login", methods=["POST"])
def login():
    data = request.get_json()
    # …… 校验用户名密码（第 8 章讲 JWT）
    return jsonify({"code": 200, "msg": "登录成功", "data": {}})

@user_bp.route("/profile", methods=["GET"])
def get_profile():
    return jsonify({"code": 200, "msg": "success", "data": {"id": 3, "nickname": "张三"}})

# app/api/article.py
from flask import Blueprint, jsonify
article_bp = Blueprint("article", __name__, url_prefix="/api/article")

@article_bp.route("/list", methods=["GET"])
def article_list():
    return jsonify({"code": 200, "msg": "success", "data": {"list": [], "total": 0}})

# app/api/comment.py
from flask import Blueprint, jsonify
comment_bp = Blueprint("comment", __name__, url_prefix="/api/comment")

@comment_bp.route("/list", methods=["GET"])
def comment_list():
    return jsonify({"code": 200, "msg": "success", "data": {"list": [], "total": 0}})

# app/api/favorite.py
from flask import Blueprint, jsonify
favorite_bp = Blueprint("favorite", __name__, url_prefix="/api/favorite")

@favorite_bp.route("/toggle", methods=["POST"])
def toggle_favorite():
    return jsonify({"code": 200, "msg": "操作成功", "data": {"favorited": True}})

from flask import Flask

from app.api.user import user_bp
from app.api.article import article_bp
from app.api.comment import comment_bp
from app.api.favorite import favorite_bp

app = Flask(__name__)

# 把每个蓝图挂到应用上
app.register_blueprint(user_bp)
app.register_blueprint(article_bp)
app.register_blueprint(comment_bp)
app.register_blueprint(favorite_bp)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True)

import os

class Config:
    """所有环境共用的基础配置"""
    SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get("SECRET_KEY", "dev-secret-key")
    JSON_AS_ASCII = False            # 响应里的中文不转成 \uXXXX
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False

class DevConfig(Config):
    """开发环境：本地数据库、开调试"""
    DEBUG = True
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/hiwen?charset=utf8mb4"

class ProdConfig(Config):
    """生产环境：密码从环境变量读，绝不明文写死"""
    DEBUG = False
    SECRET_KEY = os.environ["SECRET_KEY"]          # 没有就启动报错，早暴露早修
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get(
        "DATABASE_URL",
        "mysql+pymysql://user:pass@127.0.0.1:3306/hiwen?charset=utf8mb4",
    )

# 环境名 → 配置类 的映射表，供 create_app 按名取用
config_map = {
    "development": DevConfig,
    "production": ProdConfig,
    "default": DevConfig,
}

from flask import Flask
from config import config_map

def create_app(env: str = "development") -> Flask:
    app = Flask(__name__)
    # 一行搞定：把配置类的大写属性批量灌进 app.config
    app.config.from_object(config_map[env])
    print("当前数据库：", app.config["SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI"])
    print("调试模式：", app.config["DEBUG"])
    return app

if __name__ == "__main__":
    create_app("development")

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_migrate import Migrate
from flask_cors import CORS

# 只创建「扩展对象」，不绑定任何 app —— 这是避免循环导入的关键
db = SQLAlchemy()
migrate = Migrate()
cors = CORS()

from flask import Flask
from config import config_map
from .extensions import db, migrate, cors

def create_app(env: str = "development") -> Flask:
    app = Flask(__name__)

    # 1. 加载配置
    app.config.from_object(config_map.get(env, config_map["default"]))

    # 2. 初始化扩展：把「裸奔」的扩展对象绑到这个 app 上
    db.init_app(app)
    migrate.init_app(app, db)
    cors.init_app(app)

    # 3. 注册蓝图（注意：在函数内部 import，避免循环导入）
    from .api.user import user_bp
    from .api.article import article_bp
    from .api.comment import comment_bp
    from .api.favorite import favorite_bp

    app.register_blueprint(user_bp)
    app.register_blueprint(article_bp)
    app.register_blueprint(comment_bp)
    app.register_blueprint(favorite_bp)

    return app

from app import create_app

# 从环境变量读环境名，默认开发环境
import os
app = create_app(os.environ.get("FLASK_ENV", "development"))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host="127.0.0.1", port=5000, debug=True)

tree hiflask -L 3 -I "__pycache__"

# 四个蓝图，四份前缀，各管一摊接口
user_bp     = Blueprint("user",     __name__, url_prefix="/api/user")
article_bp  = Blueprint("article",  __name__, url_prefix="/api/article")
comment_bp  = Blueprint("comment",  __name__, url_prefix="/api/comment")
favorite_bp = Blueprint("favorite", __name__, url_prefix="/api/favorite")

# user_bp     → /register  /login  /profile  /avatar  /logout
# article_bp  → /list  /recommend  /detail/<id>  /like
# comment_bp  → /list  /add  /like  /<id>（DELETE）
# favorite_bp → /toggle  /list